간만에 이민소식 - STEM 인재 유인을 위한 행정명령 발표 + 기타 업데이트

간만에 이민소식 올려봅니다. 전 변호사가 아니니까 언제나와 같이 제 말을 그냥 믿지는 마시고요. 

 

https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/01/21/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-actions-to-attract-stem-talent-and-strengthen-our-economy-and-competitiveness/

 

바이든 행정부에서 이민관련 행정명령을 발표했습니다. 

 

1. Early Career STEM Research Initiative라는 J1 프로그램을 신설 합니다. 자세한 건 읽어보지 않았지만 STEM 연구단체들이 원하는 J1 연구자를 찾을 수 있게 도와주는 매칭 프로그램에 가까운 것 같습니다. 자세한 건 아래 사이트 참조하세요. 

 

https://j1visa.state.gov/programs/early-career-stem-research-initiative#hosting-stem-exchange-visitors-the-process

 

2. STEM 전공 F-1 학생들이 3년간의 OPT를 받는 것 처럼 STEM 전공의 J-1 학부/대학원생들도 3년간 아카데믹 트래이닝/취업허가를 신설 한다고 합니다. 자세한 건 아래 사이트를 참고하세요. 

 

https://j1visa.state.gov/opportunity-for-academic-training-extensions-for-j-1-college-and-university-students-in-stem-fields/

 

3. STEM OPT 해당되는 전공 추가. 자세한 건 아래 사이트를 참고하세요. 

 

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/01/21/2022-01188/update-to-the-department-of-homeland-security-stem-designated-degree-program-list

 

4. USCIS policy manual에 어떤 업적이 O1A와 NIW 평가에 반영되는지 자세하게 업데이트 되었습니다. 

 

https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/policy-manual-updates/20220121-ExtraordinaryAbility.pdf

https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/policy-manual-updates/20220121-NationalInterestWaivers.pdf

 

== 그외 생각나는 업데이트들

 

1. F-1의 이민의도 관련해서 foreign affairs manual이 업데이트 되었습니다. 

 

트럼프 정부 때 빡빡하게 "If you are not satisfied that the applicant’s present intent is to depart the United States at the conclusion of his or her study or OPT, you must refuse the visa under INA 214(b)." 라는 표현을 쓸 정도로 빡빡하게 적혀있던 이민의도 관련 내용이 그전과 같이 구구절절이 장기간 미국에 체류하게될 유학생들의 이민의도 판단은 다른 단기 체류비자와 달리 판단해야 한다는 등 좀 더 유한 표현으로 변경 되었습니다. 

 

새로운 규정: https://fam.state.gov/fam/09FAM/09FAM040205.html#:~:text=9%20FAM%20402.5%2D5(E)(1)%20%C2%A0(U)%20Residence%20Abroad%20Required

 

> The context of the residence abroad requirement for student visas inherently differs from the context for B visitor visas or other short-term visas.  The statute clearly presupposes that the natural circumstances and conditions of being a student do not disqualify that applicant from obtaining a student visa. It is natural that the student does not possess ties of property, employment, and continuity of life typical of B visa applicants.  These ties are typically weakly held by student applicants, as the student is often single, unemployed, without property, and is at the stage in life of deciding and developing their plans for the future.  Student visa adjudication is made more complex by the fact that students typically are expected to stay in the United States longer than do many other nonimmigrant visitors, to complete their program of studies.  In these circumstances, it is important to keep in mind that the applicant’s intent is to be adjudicated based on present intent - not on contingencies of what might happen in the future, after a lengthy period of study in the United States.  Therefore, the residence abroad requirement for student applicants should be considered in the context of the usual limited ties that a student would have, and their immediate intent.

 

이하 생략

변경 전 문구: 

 

General rules for examining residence abroad are outlined in 9 FAM 401.1-3(F)(2). If you are not satisfied that the applicant’s present intent is to depart the United States at the conclusion of his or her study or OPT, you must refuse the visa under INA 214(b). To evaluate this, you should assess the applicant’s current plans following completion of his or her study or OPT. The hypothetical possibility that the applicant may apply to change or adjust status in the United States in the future is not a basis to refuse a visa application if you are satisfied that the applicant’s present intent is to depart at the conclusion of his or her study or OPT.

 

2. H1B를 Wage level 순으로 뽑겠다는 정책을 철회 

 

https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/alerts/dhs-withdraws-h-1b-selection-final-rule

 

3. 뉴스 읽어보시면 아시겠지만 원래 Build back better act에 이민관련 조항을 넣어서 통과하려고 했었습니다만 parliamentarian의 거부로 아마 이민 관련 조항은 들어가지 않을 거 같습니다. 
 

4. expedite 신청에 대한 좀 더 자세한 설명이 추가되었습니다. 

 

https://www.uscis.gov/forms/filing-guidance/how-to-make-an-expedite-request